================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024107 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=156
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 990.0 14.0 1.0 300.0 15.0 221.0 288.0 4.158
SIGT 988.0 14.4 -0.6 300.9 15.2 238.1 288.6 3.707
SIGT 975.0 13.6 -2.4 306.6 17.0 349.7 288.8 3.288
SIGW 945.2 11.0 -3.2 320.0 21.0 609.0 288.8 3.189
MAND 925.0 9.2 -3.8 315.0 21.0 789.5 288.7 3.121
SIGW 877.8 5.1 -4.8 300.0 21.0 1219.0 288.8 3.052
MAND 850.0 2.6 -5.4 305.0 24.9 1482.2 288.9 3.009
SIGT 843.0 1.8 -5.2 305.0 25.5 1549.0 288.7 3.081
SIGT 816.0 -0.5 -7.5 305.0 27.8 1810.7 289.0 2.666
SIGW 814.1 -0.7 -7.7 305.0 28.0 1829.0 289.0 2.640
SIGT 802.0 -1.7 -8.7 303.0 28.0 1948.8 289.1 2.470
SIGW 783.4 -3.4 -8.9 300.0 28.0 2134.0 289.3 2.483
SIGW 753.7 -6.2 -9.3 295.0 28.9 2439.0 289.5 2.503
SIGT 748.0 -6.7 -9.4 297.0 29.3 2499.0 289.5 2.507
SIGT 739.0 -7.1 -12.1 300.1 29.9 2593.5 290.1 2.045
SIGT 733.0 -7.7 -12.1 302.2 30.3 2657.1 290.1 2.062
SIGT 732.0 -7.9 -12.7 302.5 30.4 2667.7 290.0 1.967
SIGT 730.0 -7.7 -14.7 303.2 30.5 2689.0 290.5 1.674
SIGW 725.0 -8.0 -15.0 305.0 30.9 2743.0 290.7 1.640
SIGT 724.0 -8.1 -15.1 304.8 31.4 2753.2 290.7 1.633
SIGT 721.0 -8.1 -15.1 304.2 32.9 2785.5 291.1 1.640
SIGT 711.0 -8.7 -15.7 302.2 38.1 2894.0 291.6 1.582
SIGT 708.0 -8.3 -18.3 301.6 39.7 2926.8 292.4 1.277
SIGT 706.0 -7.1 -25.1 301.2 40.7 2948.8 293.9 0.706
SIGT 702.0 -5.3 -36.3 300.4 42.8 2993.2 296.4 0.245
MAND 700.0 -5.1 -39.1 300.0 43.9 3015.7 296.8 0.185
SIGT 699.0 -4.9 -40.9 296.5 43.9 3026.9 297.2 0.153
SIGW 697.1 -5.0 -40.9 290.0 43.9 3048.0 297.3 0.154
SIGT 658.0 -7.7 -40.7 290.0 46.8 3499.6 299.2 0.166
SIGW 644.6 -9.0 -39.9 290.0 47.8 3658.0 299.5 0.184
SIGT 620.0 -11.5 -38.5 290.0 48.8 3959.0 300.0 0.222
SIGT 599.0 -12.7 -48.7 290.0 49.8 4222.6 301.6 0.077
SIGW 595.4 -12.8 -49.5 290.0 49.9 4268.0 302.0 0.071
SIGT 584.0 -13.1 -52.1 292.4 54.8 4416.0 303.3 0.057
SIGT 569.0 -11.7 -44.7 295.7 61.3 4614.8 307.2 0.125
SIGW 549.7 -12.7 -44.9 300.0 69.9 4878.0 309.1 0.127
SIGT 545.0 -12.9 -44.9 300.0 70.6 4944.2 309.6 0.127
SIGT 518.0 -16.1 -38.1 300.0 74.2 5329.3 310.3 0.277
SIGW 507.2 -17.0 -39.6 300.0 75.8 5487.0 311.0 0.241
MAND 500.0 -17.7 -40.7 295.0 76.9 5594.9 311.5 0.219
SIGT 474.0 -19.5 -38.5 295.0 75.2 5993.3 314.0 0.290
SIGW 467.4 -20.5 -38.7 295.0 74.8 6097.0 314.1 0.287
SIGT 448.0 -23.5 -39.5 295.0 77.0 6409.3 314.1 0.277
SIGT 412.0 -28.1 -46.1 295.0 81.3 7016.5 315.8 0.148
MAND 400.0 -29.7 -44.7 295.0 82.8 7228.1 316.4 0.178
SIGT 387.0 -31.5 -46.5 298.0 84.6 7462.9 317.0 0.151
SIGW 378.4 -33.0 -45.8 300.0 85.9 7621.0 317.2 0.167
SIGT 364.0 -35.5 -44.5 299.1 86.8 7893.2 317.3 0.199
SIGT 357.0 -36.5 -47.5 298.7 87.2 8028.2 317.7 0.146
SIGT 353.0 -37.1 -46.1 298.4 87.5 8106.2 318.0 0.172
SIGT 346.0 -38.5 -48.5 298.0 87.9 8244.3 317.9 0.136
SIGT 339.0 -39.5 -52.5 297.5 88.4 8384.6 318.4 0.094
SIGT 337.0 -39.9 -50.9 297.4 88.5 8425.1 318.4 0.111
SIGT 335.0 -40.1 -55.1 297.2 88.7 8465.7 318.6 0.070
SIGT 328.0 -41.3 -53.3 296.8 89.1 8609.6 318.9 0.089
SIGT 322.0 -42.1 -56.1 296.3 89.5 8734.8 319.5 0.067
SIGW 302.9 -45.4 -57.7 295.0 90.9 9146.0 320.5 0.061
MAND 300.0 -45.9 -57.9 295.0 90.9 9210.0 320.7 0.060
SIGT 297.0 -46.5 -58.5 295.3 91.1 9276.8 320.7 0.056
SIGT 277.0 -50.7 -58.7 297.2 92.2 9735.5 321.1 0.059
SIGT 273.0 -51.5 -60.5 297.6 92.4 9830.2 321.3 0.049
SIGT 268.0 -52.1 -63.1 298.1 92.7 9950.0 322.2 0.039
SIGT 265.0 -51.9 -64.9 298.4 92.9 10023.0 323.5 -----
MAND 250.0 -54.5 -66.5 300.0 93.8 10398.5 325.1 -----
SIGT 245.0 -55.7 -66.7 300.0 94.6 10527.6 325.1 -----
MAXW 232.0 -56.8 -69.4 300.0 96.7 10873.9 328.5 -----
SIGT 229.0 -57.1 -70.1 300.0 96.7 10956.5 329.4 -----
SIGW 228.3 -56.8 -69.8 300.0 96.7 10975.0 330.0 -----
SIGT 228.0 -56.7 -69.7 300.1 96.7 10984.3 330.4 -----
SIGT 215.0 -58.5 -70.5 303.1 94.3 11355.1 333.2 -----
SIGT 213.0 -58.3 -72.3 303.5 94.0 11413.9 334.4 -----
TRO1 207.0 -59.7 -73.7 305.0 92.9 11593.2 334.9 -----
SIGT 202.0 -59.9 -74.9 305.0 90.0 11746.0 337.0 -----
MAND 200.0 -58.1 -77.1 305.0 88.8 11808.5 340.8 -----
SIGT 199.0 -56.7 -77.7 305.0 90.4 11840.1 343.5 -----
SIGW 197.5 -55.9 -78.0 305.0 92.9 11890.0 345.5 -----
SIGT 192.0 -53.1 -79.1 307.9 77.6 12069.1 352.8 -----
SIGW 188.3 -52.4 -79.6 310.0 66.8 12195.0 355.9 -----
SIGW 179.7 -50.7 -80.7 300.0 52.8 12500.0 363.6 -----
SIGT 177.0 -50.1 -81.1 301.6 49.4 12597.2 366.0 -----
SIGW 171.4 -51.3 -81.6 305.0 42.0 12804.0 367.3 -----
SIGW 163.6 -53.2 -82.2 280.0 42.0 13109.0 369.2 -----
SIGT 163.0 -53.3 -82.3 280.2 42.2 13131.9 369.4 -----
MAND 150.0 -54.5 -84.5 285.0 49.0 13665.8 376.2 -----
TRO2 145.0 -55.7 -84.7 290.0 49.0 13882.4 377.8 -----
SIGT 137.0 -56.1 -84.1 290.0 52.1 14243.7 383.2 -----
SIGW 135.2 -55.7 -84.1 290.0 52.8 14329.0 385.4 -----
SIGT 128.0 -54.1 -84.1 290.0 50.2 14677.9 394.4 -----
SIGT 122.0 -55.1 -85.1 290.0 47.8 14985.3 398.0 -----
SIGW 117.2 -53.6 -84.3 290.0 45.8 15243.0 405.3 -----
SIGT 115.0 -52.9 -83.9 291.0 42.7 15364.7 408.9 -----
SIGW 106.6 -55.2 -84.6 295.0 29.9 15853.0 413.4 -----
SIGT 105.0 -55.7 -84.7 298.5 31.3 15948.1 414.3 -----
MAND 100.0 -54.3 -84.7 310.0 35.9 16260.0 422.8 -----
SIGW 96.9 -54.6 -84.7 305.0 44.9 16463.0 426.2 -----
SIGW 92.4 -55.0 -84.7 285.0 26.8 16768.0 431.2 -----
SIGT 88.6 -55.3 -84.7 306.8 26.8 17034.4 435.7 -----
SIGW 88.1 -55.6 -84.7 310.0 26.8 17073.0 435.8 -----
SIGT 84.3 -57.9 -84.7 294.1 25.9 17350.0 436.7 -----
SIGW 80.0 -56.1 -84.7 275.0 24.9 17682.0 447.0 -----
SIGT 77.8 -55.1 -84.7 292.5 26.7 17859.4 452.6 -----
SIGW 76.3 -55.4 -84.7 305.0 28.0 17987.0 454.6 -----
SIGW 72.7 -56.1 -84.7 300.0 24.9 18292.0 459.3 -----
MAND 70.0 -56.7 -84.7 325.0 11.8 18531.9 463.1 -----
SIGT 67.6 -57.3 -84.7 325.0 11.8 18752.9 466.5 -----
SIGW 66.0 -56.4 -84.7 325.0 11.8 18902.0 471.6 -----
SIGT 64.5 -55.5 -84.7 307.9 13.8 19051.0 476.7 -----
SIGW 62.9 -56.3 -84.7 290.0 15.9 19207.0 478.3 -----
SIGT 62.1 -56.7 -84.7 281.6 15.9 19292.2 479.2 -----
SIGT 60.0 -55.5 -84.7 260.1 15.9 19511.0 486.7 -----
SIGW 60.0 -55.5 -84.7 260.0 15.9 19512.0 486.7 -----
SIGT 57.8 -55.7 -84.7 287.2 20.6 19749.1 491.4 -----
SIGW 57.2 -56.0 -84.7 295.0 22.0 19817.0 492.3 -----
SIGT 52.7 -58.3 -84.7 316.2 14.2 20334.2 498.6 -----
SIGW 51.9 -57.7 -84.7 320.0 12.8 20426.0 502.0 -----
SIGT 50.2 -56.3 -84.7 315.5 12.0 20641.5 510.2 -----
MAND 50.0 -56.5 -84.7 315.0 11.8 20666.9 510.4 -----
SIGW 47.2 -57.5 -84.7 320.0 9.9 21036.0 516.6 -----
SIGW 44.9 -58.3 -84.7 360.0 12.8 21341.0 521.7 -----
SIGT 42.0 -59.5 -84.7 311.2 8.2 21766.0 529.0 -----
SIGW 38.9 -57.7 -84.7 255.0 2.9 22256.0 545.4 -----
SIGW 37.1 -56.6 -84.7 250.0 9.9 22560.0 555.7 -----
SIGW 35.3 -55.5 -84.7 305.0 12.8 22865.0 566.3 -----
SIGT 33.8 -54.5 -84.7 277.8 11.1 23141.7 576.1 -----
SIGW 33.7 -54.6 -84.7 275.0 10.9 23170.0 576.6 -----
SIGW 30.6 -56.3 -84.7 360.0 10.9 23780.0 587.8 -----
MAND 30.0 -56.7 -84.7 160.0 3.9 23902.0 590.1 -----
SIGT 28.4 -56.7 -84.7 184.9 3.9 24249.6 599.4 -----
SIGW 27.8 -56.3 -84.7 195.0 3.9 24390.0 604.3 -----
SIGW 26.5 -55.5 -84.7 240.0 9.9 24695.0 615.0 -----
SIGW 25.2 -54.6 -84.7 255.0 9.9 25000.0 625.9 -----
SIGT 24.5 -54.1 -84.7 247.6 9.9 25192.1 632.8 -----
SIGT 23.0 -55.7 -84.7 232.2 9.9 25596.1 639.6 -----
SIGW 21.9 -54.8 -84.7 220.0 9.9 25914.0 651.6 -----
SIGT 20.9 -53.9 -84.7 273.1 15.7 26208.7 662.8 -----
SIGW 20.9 -53.9 -84.7 275.0 15.9 26219.0 663.0 -----
SIGT 20.5 -54.3 -84.7 304.2 12.2 26332.7 665.3 -----
MAND 20.0 -52.9 -84.7 345.0 7.0 26491.6 674.3 -----
SIGW 19.0 -53.1 -84.7 305.0 9.9 26829.0 683.9 -----
SIGW 17.3 -53.4 -84.7 295.0 1.9 27439.0 701.7 -----
SIGW 15.0 -53.9 -84.7 215.0 9.9 28353.0 729.1 -----
SIGT 14.9 -53.9 -84.7 216.4 10.2 28387.0 730.2 -----
SIGW 13.6 -53.5 -84.7 240.0 15.0 28963.0 750.6 -----
SIGT 12.7 -53.1 -84.7 262.2 15.0 29415.2 767.1 -----
SIGT 12.4 -51.5 -84.7 269.8 15.0 29569.9 778.0 -----
SIGW 12.4 -51.5 -84.7 270.0 15.0 29573.0 778.0 -----
SIGT 12.1 -52.1 -84.7 271.1 16.1 29728.8 781.3 -----
SIGT 11.4 -48.3 -84.7 273.9 18.8 30118.1 808.4 -----
SIGT 11.2 -48.7 -84.7 274.7 19.6 30234.6 811.1 -----
SIGT 10.7 -48.7 -84.7 276.8 21.7 30534.9 821.7 -----
SIGT 10.5 -47.1 -85.1 277.7 22.6 30659.5 832.1 -----
MAND 10.0 -47.7 -84.7 280.0 24.9 30982.2 841.5 -----
SIGT 8.9 -45.3 -84.3 ----- ----- 31756.1 879.3 -----
SIGT 8.1 -43.7 -83.7 ----- ----- 32387.1 909.7 -----
SIGT 7.9 -43.7 -83.7 ----- ----- 32555.2 916.2 -----
SIGT 7.1 -44.5 -84.5 ----- ----- 33271.8 941.3 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 16 Apr 2024107
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -3.2 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 288.8 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 297.4 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 3.2 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 763 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -5.9 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 763 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 16.8 C
K Index (KI) = -19.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 13.0
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 126.7
Showalter Index (ShI) = 13.3
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 32.6
Precipitable Water (PW) = 8.6 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 14 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 300 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -107 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 321 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 303 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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