================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024116 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=173
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 1002.0 -0.5 -4.0 90.0 3.9 221.0 272.5 2.837
MAND 1000.0 -0.3 -4.0 70.0 4.9 237.0 272.9 2.843
SIGT 990.0 -0.3 -6.3 74.3 7.0 317.5 273.6 2.410
SIGT 986.0 0.4 -7.6 76.1 7.9 349.9 274.7 2.188
SIGT 963.0 -1.1 -8.1 86.2 13.1 538.8 275.0 2.155
SIGW 954.6 -1.5 -9.1 90.0 15.0 609.0 275.2 2.009
SIGT 948.0 -1.9 -9.9 85.6 13.6 664.0 275.4 1.900
SIGT 941.0 -1.9 -15.9 80.9 12.2 722.9 276.0 1.175
SIGT 928.0 -2.5 -14.5 72.1 9.6 833.4 276.5 1.338
MAND 925.0 -2.7 -13.7 70.0 8.9 859.1 276.6 1.434
SIGT 918.0 -3.3 -10.3 60.8 9.3 919.3 276.5 1.901
SIGT 915.0 -3.1 -14.1 56.8 9.4 945.2 277.0 1.403
SIGT 906.0 -3.7 -9.7 44.9 9.8 1023.5 277.2 2.020
SIGT 902.0 -3.9 -13.9 39.5 10.0 1058.4 277.3 1.447
SIGW 883.8 -4.2 -13.5 15.0 10.9 1219.0 278.7 1.528
SIGT 876.0 -4.3 -13.3 19.6 10.7 1289.2 279.2 1.565
SIGT 865.0 -3.7 -22.7 26.1 10.3 1388.9 280.9 0.713
SIGT 857.0 -3.5 -27.5 31.0 10.1 1462.3 281.8 0.467
SIGW 850.3 -3.7 -27.7 35.0 9.9 1524.0 282.3 0.463
MAND 850.0 -3.7 -27.7 20.0 5.8 1527.1 282.3 0.462
SIGT 831.0 -4.3 -34.3 14.1 8.2 1705.5 283.5 0.252
SIGW 818.0 -5.0 -35.0 10.0 9.9 1829.0 284.1 0.240
SIGT 789.0 -6.5 -36.5 356.1 2.5 2112.4 285.4 0.214
SIGW 786.8 -6.5 -37.1 355.0 1.9 2134.0 285.6 0.202
SIGT 774.0 -6.5 -40.5 334.0 4.5 2262.4 286.9 0.144
SIGT 765.0 -7.1 -41.1 319.0 6.3 2353.7 287.2 0.137
SIGW 756.6 -7.6 -40.5 305.0 8.0 2439.0 287.6 0.148
SIGT 735.0 -8.9 -38.9 319.8 11.6 2664.5 288.6 0.180
SIGW 727.6 -9.2 -36.1 325.0 12.8 2743.0 289.1 0.241
SIGT 716.0 -9.7 -31.7 316.7 14.1 2867.0 289.9 0.377
SIGT 710.0 -10.1 -24.1 312.3 14.8 2932.0 290.1 0.768
SIGT 703.0 -9.3 -33.3 307.2 15.6 3008.5 291.8 0.329
MAND 700.0 -9.3 -32.3 305.0 15.9 3041.5 292.2 0.364
SIGT 699.0 -9.3 -32.3 304.6 16.0 3052.6 292.3 0.365
SIGT 692.0 -8.5 -40.5 302.1 16.8 3130.5 294.0 0.161
SIGT 690.0 -8.5 -38.5 301.4 17.0 3153.0 294.3 0.199
SIGT 687.0 -8.7 -31.7 300.3 17.3 3186.8 294.4 0.393
SIGT 684.0 -8.5 -41.5 299.2 17.6 3220.7 295.0 0.147
SIGW 672.4 -9.0 -41.2 295.0 18.8 3353.0 296.0 0.154
SIGT 669.0 -9.1 -41.1 293.7 19.7 3392.5 296.2 0.157
SIGW 646.3 -11.1 -42.6 285.0 25.8 3658.0 296.9 0.138
SIGT 625.0 -13.1 -44.1 285.0 28.0 3914.9 297.5 0.121
SIGT 623.0 -12.9 -40.9 285.0 28.2 3939.3 298.0 0.172
SIGT 621.0 -12.9 -31.9 285.0 28.4 3963.8 298.3 0.426
SIGT 620.0 -13.1 -34.1 285.0 28.5 3976.1 298.2 0.345
SIGT 619.0 -13.1 -39.1 285.0 28.6 3988.4 298.3 0.209
SIGT 616.0 -13.3 -33.3 285.0 28.9 4025.5 298.5 0.376
SIGT 611.0 -13.9 -35.9 285.0 29.4 4087.4 298.5 0.293
SIGW 596.6 -15.4 -33.7 285.0 30.9 4268.0 298.8 0.373
SIGT 580.0 -17.1 -31.1 285.0 34.4 4480.6 299.2 0.493
SIGW 572.9 -17.9 -32.3 285.0 35.9 4573.0 299.4 0.446
SIGT 562.0 -19.1 -34.1 285.0 35.9 4716.3 299.6 0.381
SIGT 558.0 -19.5 -43.5 285.0 35.9 4769.4 299.7 0.145
SIGT 554.0 -19.9 -47.9 285.0 35.9 4822.9 299.9 0.090
SIGT 551.0 -20.3 -45.3 285.0 35.9 4863.1 299.9 0.121
SIGW 549.9 -20.4 -39.3 285.0 35.9 4878.0 299.9 0.230
SIGT 549.0 -20.5 -34.5 285.0 35.9 4890.1 299.9 0.375
SIGT 547.0 -20.7 -33.7 285.0 35.9 4917.1 300.0 0.407
SIGT 544.0 -20.9 -34.9 285.0 35.9 4957.8 300.2 0.364
SIGT 542.0 -21.1 -35.1 285.0 35.9 4985.0 300.3 0.358
SIGT 534.0 -21.9 -29.9 285.0 35.9 5094.7 300.6 0.600
SIGT 530.0 -22.5 -30.5 285.0 35.9 5150.0 300.6 0.571
MAND 500.0 -26.1 -34.1 285.0 35.9 5575.0 301.2 0.428
SIGT 498.0 -26.5 -33.5 285.7 35.9 5604.0 301.1 0.456
SIGW 485.2 -27.3 -39.2 290.0 35.9 5792.0 302.4 0.264
SIGT 485.0 -27.3 -39.3 290.0 36.0 5794.9 302.4 0.261
SIGT 483.0 -27.3 -40.3 290.0 36.1 5824.6 302.7 0.236
SIGT 466.0 -29.1 -43.1 290.0 37.8 6081.8 303.6 0.182
SIGW 465.0 -29.2 -43.2 290.0 37.9 6097.0 303.7 0.179
SIGT 455.0 -30.5 -44.5 287.8 38.0 6252.2 304.0 0.160
SIGT 449.0 -31.3 -42.3 286.5 38.1 6346.4 304.1 0.205
SIGT 442.0 -32.1 -45.1 284.9 38.2 6457.6 304.5 0.154
SIGT 439.0 -32.5 -41.5 284.2 38.3 6505.7 304.6 0.229
SIGT 426.0 -34.5 -42.5 281.2 38.4 6716.8 304.6 0.212
SIGT 424.0 -34.9 -40.9 280.7 38.5 6749.7 304.5 0.253
SIGT 421.0 -35.1 -42.1 280.0 38.5 6799.2 304.9 0.224
SIGT 414.0 -36.1 -43.1 278.4 38.6 6915.9 305.1 0.204
SIGT 413.0 -36.1 -43.1 278.2 38.6 6932.7 305.3 0.205
SIGT 411.0 -35.7 -46.7 277.7 38.7 6966.5 306.2 0.139
SIGT 409.0 -35.7 -46.7 277.2 38.7 7000.4 306.6 0.139
MAND 400.0 -35.7 -52.7 275.0 38.9 7155.2 308.6 0.078
SIGT 399.0 -35.9 -51.9 275.0 38.9 7172.7 308.6 0.085
SIGW 390.7 -37.0 -51.9 275.0 38.9 7317.0 309.0 0.087
SIGW 373.9 -39.3 -51.9 285.0 38.9 7621.0 309.8 0.091
SIGT 370.0 -39.9 -51.9 285.6 39.6 7692.8 310.0 0.092
SIGW 341.7 -43.8 -57.3 290.0 44.9 8231.0 311.8 0.056
SIGT 333.0 -45.1 -59.1 289.0 44.1 8404.9 312.3 0.047
SIGT 326.0 -45.7 -61.7 288.2 43.4 8546.7 313.4 0.037
SIGT 313.0 -47.5 -62.5 286.6 42.1 8816.8 314.6 0.035
SIGT 311.0 -47.7 -58.7 286.4 41.9 8859.2 314.9 0.053
SIGT 309.0 -47.9 -62.9 286.1 41.7 8901.8 315.2 0.034
SIGT 302.0 -48.9 -58.9 285.3 41.0 9052.7 315.8 0.053
MAND 300.0 -49.1 -61.1 285.0 40.8 9096.4 316.2 0.042
SIGT 299.0 -49.1 -61.1 285.0 40.4 9118.3 316.5 0.042
SIGW 297.7 -49.3 -61.2 285.0 39.8 9146.0 316.5 0.042
SIGT 287.0 -51.3 -62.3 283.9 40.7 9385.9 317.0 0.039
SIGT 284.0 -51.5 -65.5 283.6 40.9 9454.2 317.7 -----
SIGT 275.0 -52.9 -62.9 282.7 41.7 9662.6 318.6 0.0
SIGT 273.0 -53.1 -65.1 282.5 41.9 9709.7 319.0 -----
SIGT 266.0 -54.1 -61.1 281.8 42.5 9876.8 319.9 0.0
MAND 250.0 -56.9 -62.9 280.0 43.9 10272.5 321.5 0.0
TRO1 248.0 -57.3 -63.3 280.0 43.9 10323.3 321.6 -----
SIGT 245.0 -57.3 -64.3 277.8 45.0 10400.3 322.8 -----
SIGT 243.0 -57.3 -74.3 276.3 45.8 10452.1 323.5 -----
SIGT 238.0 -56.5 -75.5 272.5 47.7 10583.9 326.6 -----
SIGW 234.8 -56.9 -70.8 270.0 49.0 10670.0 327.3 -----
SIGT 233.0 -57.1 -68.1 271.6 48.8 10718.5 327.7 -----
SIGT 230.0 -57.3 -67.3 274.3 48.5 10800.5 328.6 -----
SIGT 227.0 -57.1 -71.1 277.0 48.2 10883.6 330.2 -----
SIGW 213.2 -57.1 -77.5 290.0 46.8 11280.0 336.1 -----
SIGT 212.0 -57.1 -78.1 290.0 47.0 11316.3 336.7 -----
SIGT 205.0 -54.7 -81.7 290.0 48.1 11530.1 343.7 -----
MAND 200.0 -54.7 -81.7 290.0 49.0 11688.1 346.2 -----
SIGW 193.8 -53.9 -81.9 285.0 51.9 11890.0 350.6 -----
SIGT 183.0 -52.3 -82.3 286.1 49.2 12259.8 359.0 -----
MAND 150.0 -52.1 -84.1 290.0 39.8 13547.2 380.3 -----
SIGW 139.3 -52.7 -84.3 285.0 42.0 14024.0 387.4 -----
SIGW 132.8 -53.1 -84.4 300.0 32.8 14329.0 392.0 -----
SIGW 126.7 -53.5 -84.5 285.0 31.9 14634.0 396.6 -----
SIGW 115.2 -54.3 -84.8 290.0 36.9 15243.0 406.0 -----
SIGW 104.8 -55.1 -85.0 280.0 28.0 15853.0 415.7 -----
MAND 100.0 -55.5 -85.1 280.0 30.9 16153.3 420.5 -----
SIGW 95.3 -56.1 -85.1 280.0 30.9 16463.0 425.2 -----
SIGT 93.9 -56.3 -85.1 283.0 30.8 16553.9 426.6 -----
SIGW 82.5 -55.2 -85.1 310.0 29.9 17378.0 445.0 -----
SIGW 75.0 -54.3 -85.1 295.0 28.9 17987.0 459.1 -----
SIGT 75.0 -54.3 -85.1 294.9 28.9 17988.5 459.1 -----
SIGW 71.5 -54.6 -85.1 275.0 28.9 18292.0 464.8 -----
MAND 70.0 -54.7 -85.1 265.0 29.9 18430.5 467.4 -----
SIGW 65.0 -55.3 -85.1 290.0 32.8 18902.0 476.0 -----
SIGT 65.0 -55.3 -85.1 290.0 32.8 18904.2 476.1 -----
SIGT 60.3 -53.3 -85.1 279.4 28.6 19385.5 490.9 -----
SIGT 57.4 -54.3 -85.1 272.5 25.9 19702.3 495.6 -----
SIGW 56.4 -54.2 -85.1 270.0 24.9 19817.0 498.4 -----
SIGW 51.3 -53.5 -85.1 260.0 35.0 20426.0 513.7 -----
MAND 50.0 -53.3 -85.1 275.0 33.8 20589.4 517.9 -----
SIGT 47.9 -52.1 -85.1 284.3 28.9 20866.6 527.2 -----
SIGW 46.7 -53.3 -85.1 290.0 25.8 21036.0 528.3 -----
SIGT 46.4 -53.5 -85.1 290.0 24.9 21072.0 528.6 -----
SIGW 44.5 -53.6 -85.1 290.0 17.9 21341.0 534.8 -----
SIGW 42.4 -53.6 -85.1 285.0 12.8 21646.0 541.9 -----
SIGW 40.5 -53.7 -85.1 240.0 8.9 21951.0 549.2 -----
SIGT 40.3 -53.7 -85.1 241.4 9.8 21978.7 549.8 -----
SIGT 38.7 -52.5 -85.1 254.2 18.0 22239.9 559.3 -----
SIGW 36.8 -53.2 -85.1 270.0 28.0 22560.0 565.6 -----
SIGT 35.4 -53.7 -85.1 295.0 17.9 22814.6 570.6 -----
SIGW 35.1 -53.4 -85.1 300.0 15.9 22865.0 572.7 -----
SIGW 33.5 -51.6 -85.1 240.0 14.0 23170.0 585.2 -----
SIGT 33.4 -51.5 -85.1 240.0 14.7 23190.4 586.0 -----
SIGW 32.0 -51.8 -85.1 240.0 23.9 23475.0 592.5 -----
SIGT 31.7 -51.9 -85.1 243.6 22.6 23529.4 593.7 -----
SIGT 31.1 -50.3 -85.1 251.7 19.8 23653.7 601.3 -----
SIGW 30.5 -50.9 -85.1 260.0 16.9 23780.0 602.9 -----
MAND 30.0 -51.5 -85.1 240.0 23.9 23888.2 604.3 -----
SIGT 28.9 -50.3 -85.1 244.8 23.9 24131.5 614.1 -----
SIGT 28.5 -50.9 -85.1 246.7 23.9 24222.4 614.9 -----
SIGW 27.8 -50.8 -85.1 250.0 23.9 24390.0 619.7 -----
SIGT 27.1 -50.7 -85.1 257.9 24.4 24550.6 624.3 -----
SIGW 26.5 -49.8 -85.1 265.0 24.9 24695.0 630.9 -----
SIGT 25.6 -48.3 -85.1 266.9 21.9 24923.7 641.4 -----
SIGW 24.2 -49.5 -85.1 270.0 16.9 25304.0 648.8 -----
SIGT 24.1 -49.5 -85.1 268.6 16.9 25320.5 649.1 -----
SIGT 23.1 -47.1 -85.1 245.8 16.9 25599.7 664.1 -----
SIGW 23.1 -47.1 -85.1 245.0 16.9 25609.0 664.3 -----
SIGW 22.0 -47.8 -85.1 245.0 23.9 25914.0 671.2 -----
MAND 20.0 -49.1 -85.1 275.0 26.8 26549.9 685.9 -----
SIGW 18.3 -47.6 -85.1 280.0 30.9 27134.0 708.1 -----
SIGW 17.5 -46.9 -85.1 300.0 22.9 27439.0 719.9 -----
SIGT 16.9 -46.3 -85.1 305.5 17.4 27662.5 728.8 -----
SIGW 15.9 -46.9 -85.1 315.0 8.0 28048.0 739.0 -----
SIGT 15.1 -47.5 -85.1 ----- ----- 28409.1 748.6 -----
SIGT 14.3 -46.1 -85.1 ----- ----- 28770.1 765.1 -----
SIGT 14.0 -46.1 -85.1 ----- ----- 28911.2 769.7 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 25 Apr 2024116
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -10.1 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 275.4 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 280.4 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 1.9 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 835 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -11.5 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 835 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 6.3 C
K Index (KI) = -28.3
Lifted Index (LI) = 17.6
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 47.6
Showalter Index (ShI) = 14.9
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 20.8
Precipitable Water (PW) = 3.8 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = -73 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 284 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 316 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 302 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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