================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024110 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=174 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 992.0 9.6 6.5 225.0 10.9 221.0 283.4 6.134 SIGT 970.0 7.8 5.5 232.2 13.8 406.9 283.4 5.851 SIGT 965.0 8.8 6.0 233.8 14.4 449.7 284.8 6.091 SIGW 946.6 7.7 5.5 240.0 16.9 609.0 285.3 5.977 MAND 925.0 6.4 4.8 245.0 16.9 799.2 285.9 5.843 SIGW 878.6 3.4 3.0 270.0 12.8 1219.0 287.0 5.424 SIGT 863.0 2.4 2.4 288.9 17.8 1365.3 287.4 5.283 SIGT 860.0 3.0 2.3 292.6 18.7 1393.6 288.3 5.263 SIGT 855.0 6.4 1.7 298.8 20.3 1441.2 292.4 5.070 MAND 850.0 6.6 1.8 305.0 22.0 1489.4 293.1 5.137 SIGW 846.4 6.8 1.7 305.0 19.8 1524.0 293.6 5.128 SIGT 833.0 7.4 1.4 311.5 25.0 1655.7 295.6 5.093 SIGT 819.0 8.4 -11.6 318.4 30.5 1795.6 298.1 1.921 SIGT 817.0 8.4 -11.6 319.4 31.3 1815.8 298.3 1.926 SIGW 815.7 8.3 -11.5 320.0 31.9 1829.0 298.3 1.943 SIGT 791.0 6.2 -9.8 320.0 37.7 2081.9 298.7 2.297 SIGW 786.0 5.8 -8.8 320.0 38.9 2134.0 298.8 2.501 SIGT 784.0 5.6 -8.4 319.3 39.3 2154.7 298.9 2.587 SIGT 772.0 5.4 -1.6 315.2 41.8 2280.9 300.0 4.413 SIGT 771.0 5.4 1.0 314.8 42.0 2291.5 300.1 5.349 SIGT 767.0 5.2 1.5 313.4 42.8 2334.1 300.3 5.576 SIGT 761.0 5.0 1.0 311.3 44.1 2398.3 300.8 5.420 SIGW 757.2 4.8 -2.5 310.0 44.9 2439.0 301.0 4.196 SIGT 751.0 4.6 -8.4 310.0 44.7 2506.3 301.5 2.702 SIGT 749.0 4.6 -7.4 310.0 44.6 2528.1 301.7 2.929 SIGT 748.0 4.4 -6.6 310.0 44.6 2539.0 301.6 3.120 SIGT 746.0 4.2 -3.8 310.0 44.5 2560.8 301.6 3.875 SIGT 735.0 3.0 -1.8 310.0 44.1 2681.6 301.6 4.569 SIGT 734.0 2.8 -0.3 310.0 44.1 2692.6 301.5 5.111 SIGT 730.0 3.0 -3.0 310.0 43.9 2736.9 302.2 4.206 SIGW 729.5 3.0 -3.0 310.0 43.9 2743.0 302.2 4.200 SIGT 726.0 2.8 -3.2 309.4 43.5 2781.5 302.4 4.166 SIGW 702.5 1.5 -7.2 305.0 40.8 3048.0 303.9 3.178 MAND 700.0 1.4 -7.6 305.0 40.8 3076.3 304.0 3.086 SIGT 699.0 1.2 -7.8 304.2 40.5 3087.8 303.9 3.043 SIGT 695.0 1.2 -8.8 300.8 39.3 3134.0 304.4 2.830 SIGT 689.0 1.2 -11.8 295.8 37.6 3203.8 305.2 2.248 SIGW 676.3 1.4 -17.9 285.0 33.8 3353.0 307.0 1.378 SIGT 675.0 1.4 -18.6 285.0 33.5 3369.1 307.2 1.305 SIGT 666.0 1.2 -19.8 285.0 31.4 3477.1 308.2 1.194 SIGW 651.0 -0.3 -20.2 285.0 28.0 3658.0 308.5 1.184 SIGW 602.8 -5.3 -21.4 285.0 24.9 4268.0 309.6 1.152 SIGT 590.0 -6.7 -21.7 283.6 27.9 4437.8 309.9 1.143 SIGT 575.0 -8.5 -24.5 282.0 31.6 4638.3 310.0 0.915 SIGW 557.4 -10.0 -30.2 280.0 35.9 4878.0 311.1 0.561 SIGT 530.0 -12.3 -39.3 270.7 34.9 5265.9 312.8 0.239 MAND 500.0 -15.3 -38.3 260.0 33.8 5708.8 314.4 0.281 SIGT 496.0 -15.3 -42.3 256.4 33.8 5769.5 315.1 0.186 SIGW 494.5 -15.4 -41.9 255.0 33.8 5792.0 315.2 0.195 SIGT 485.0 -16.3 -39.3 262.2 37.2 5938.6 315.9 0.261 SIGT 483.0 -16.5 -34.5 263.7 37.9 5969.7 316.0 0.426 SIGT 478.0 -17.1 -30.1 267.6 39.7 6047.9 316.2 0.658 SIGT 476.0 -17.3 -30.3 269.1 40.4 6079.4 316.4 0.648 SIGW 474.9 -17.5 -30.5 270.0 40.8 6097.0 316.4 0.639 SIGT 472.0 -17.9 -30.9 269.6 41.2 6142.6 316.4 0.617 SIGT 441.0 -22.5 -32.5 265.5 46.2 6646.3 316.8 0.567 SIGW 437.4 -23.2 -30.5 265.0 46.8 6707.0 316.6 0.692 SIGT 437.0 -23.3 -30.3 265.2 46.7 6713.1 316.6 0.706 SIGT 432.0 -23.5 -28.0 267.8 44.7 6797.3 317.4 0.885 SIGT 427.0 -24.5 -28.4 270.4 42.8 6882.4 317.2 0.863 MAND 400.0 -28.1 -31.1 285.0 31.9 7355.1 318.5 0.715 SIGW 385.3 -30.3 -33.0 285.0 31.9 7621.0 319.1 0.621 SIGT 372.0 -32.3 -34.7 282.3 36.8 7871.9 319.6 0.543 SIGT 362.0 -33.5 -36.7 280.2 40.6 8063.8 320.5 0.457 SIGT 343.0 -36.7 -38.6 276.1 48.0 8439.9 321.1 0.397 SIGW 338.3 -37.6 -39.8 275.0 49.9 8536.0 321.1 0.356 SIGT 337.0 -37.9 -40.1 275.4 50.6 8561.9 321.1 0.346 SIGW 323.5 -39.8 -43.0 280.0 57.9 8841.0 322.2 0.265 SIGW 309.4 -41.9 -46.1 280.0 54.8 9146.0 323.5 0.197 SIGT 308.0 -42.1 -46.4 281.5 54.8 9176.7 323.6 0.191 SIGT 306.0 -42.3 -46.4 283.6 54.8 9220.8 323.9 0.192 MAND 300.0 -43.5 -47.2 290.0 54.8 9354.4 324.1 0.180 SIGT 276.0 -48.5 -52.7 297.9 53.3 9909.5 324.7 0.113 SIGW 269.7 -49.9 -53.4 300.0 52.8 10060.0 324.8 0.108 SIGT 266.0 -50.7 -53.8 299.1 55.2 10151.2 324.9 0.104 SIGT 263.0 -51.3 -55.5 298.3 57.2 10225.0 325.1 0.086 SIGT 261.0 -51.5 -56.2 297.8 58.5 10274.6 325.5 0.081 SIGT 252.0 -53.3 -57.8 295.5 64.5 10501.6 326.1 0.072 MAND 250.0 -53.9 -58.0 295.0 65.9 10552.9 325.9 0.071 SIGT 245.0 -54.7 -57.7 296.9 68.1 10682.5 326.6 0.075 SIGT 243.0 -55.3 -59.5 297.7 69.1 10734.9 326.5 0.061 MAXW 237.0 -56.6 -61.3 300.0 71.9 10893.6 326.9 0.052 SIGW 234.0 -57.3 -62.2 300.0 71.9 10975.0 327.1 0.049 SIGT 233.0 -57.5 -62.5 300.1 71.6 11001.8 327.1 0.047 SIGT 226.0 -58.5 -65.5 301.2 69.5 11194.1 328.5 ----- SIGT 224.0 -58.7 -63.4 301.5 68.8 11249.9 329.0 ----- SIGT 222.0 -58.1 -68.1 301.8 68.2 11306.4 330.8 ----- SIGT 220.0 -57.5 -69.5 302.1 67.6 11363.5 332.5 ----- SIGT 209.0 -58.3 -71.3 303.9 64.0 11687.0 336.2 ----- SIGT 204.0 -59.3 -71.3 304.7 62.3 11839.1 337.0 ----- SIGW 202.4 -58.9 -72.1 305.0 61.8 11890.0 338.4 ----- MAND 200.0 -58.3 -73.3 305.0 52.8 11963.4 340.5 ----- SIGT 198.0 -57.9 -73.9 306.4 49.5 12026.8 342.1 ----- SIGW 192.7 -59.1 -74.3 310.0 40.8 12195.0 342.9 ----- TRO1 177.0 -62.7 -75.7 290.0 36.9 12726.0 345.3 ----- SIGW 174.8 -62.5 -76.4 305.0 33.8 12804.0 346.9 ----- SIGT 169.0 -62.1 -78.1 296.5 45.4 13011.6 350.9 ----- SIGT 167.0 -59.7 -79.7 293.5 49.5 13085.7 356.1 ----- SIGT 162.0 -59.3 -81.3 285.7 60.1 13276.0 359.9 ----- SIGT 159.0 -57.3 -82.3 280.8 66.7 13393.6 365.2 ----- SIGW 158.5 -57.5 -83.0 280.0 67.8 13414.0 365.2 ----- SIGT 158.0 -57.7 -83.7 281.3 66.7 13433.5 365.2 ----- SIGT 156.0 -54.9 -83.9 286.6 62.2 13514.5 371.3 ----- SIGW 151.1 -55.4 -83.6 300.0 50.9 13719.0 373.9 ----- MAND 150.0 -55.5 -83.5 305.0 45.8 13764.9 374.5 ----- SIGW 144.0 -55.9 -83.8 305.0 38.9 14024.0 378.2 ----- SIGW 130.8 -56.8 -84.5 290.0 32.8 14634.0 387.1 ----- SIGT 127.0 -57.1 -84.6 288.5 35.3 14822.5 389.8 ----- SIGT 124.0 -56.3 -84.7 287.2 37.3 14974.2 394.0 ----- SIGW 118.8 -57.3 -84.7 285.0 40.8 15243.0 397.0 ----- SIGW 113.2 -58.4 -84.7 290.0 49.0 15548.0 400.5 ----- SIGT 103.0 -60.5 -84.7 299.7 43.1 16141.7 407.4 ----- SIGW 102.7 -60.3 -84.7 300.0 42.9 16158.0 408.0 ----- MAND 100.0 -58.5 -84.7 295.0 37.9 16326.8 414.7 ----- SIGW 97.9 -58.7 -84.7 295.0 37.9 16463.0 416.9 ----- SIGW 93.2 -59.1 -84.7 280.0 32.8 16768.0 422.0 ----- SIGT 86.7 -59.7 -84.7 298.6 26.9 17221.9 429.6 ----- SIGT 84.8 -58.3 -84.7 304.3 25.1 17360.9 435.1 ----- SIGW 84.6 -58.4 -84.7 305.0 24.9 17378.0 435.4 ----- SIGT 81.3 -59.3 -84.7 280.6 21.7 17625.7 438.4 ----- SIGW 80.6 -58.5 -84.7 275.0 21.0 17682.0 441.1 ----- SIGT 79.5 -57.3 -84.7 275.0 21.1 17766.6 445.3 ----- SIGT 76.5 -58.9 -84.7 275.0 21.5 18009.0 446.9 ----- SIGT 74.2 -58.5 -84.7 275.0 21.8 18200.8 451.7 ----- SIGW 73.1 -56.9 -84.7 275.0 22.0 18292.0 456.9 ----- SIGT 73.0 -56.7 -84.7 276.1 21.4 18303.8 457.6 ----- MAND 70.0 -57.3 -84.7 300.0 8.9 18569.6 461.8 ----- SIGT 68.8 -56.5 -84.7 312.0 7.6 18679.1 465.8 ----- SIGW 63.3 -58.5 -84.7 10.0 1.0 19207.0 472.7 ----- SIGT 57.8 -60.7 -84.7 3.8 6.5 19774.4 480.1 ----- SIGW 54.7 -59.4 -84.7 360.0 9.9 20121.0 490.7 ----- SIGW 52.1 -58.3 -84.7 270.0 9.9 20426.0 500.2 ----- SIGT 51.6 -58.1 -84.7 280.3 11.1 20485.0 502.0 ----- MAND 50.0 -58.7 -84.7 315.0 15.0 20683.2 505.2 ----- SIGW 47.3 -59.3 -84.7 320.0 14.0 21036.0 511.8 ----- SIGT 46.6 -59.5 -84.7 317.1 14.0 21124.9 513.5 ----- SIGW 45.0 -59.4 -84.7 310.0 14.0 21341.0 518.8 ----- SIGT 43.2 -59.3 -84.7 352.4 17.3 21599.4 525.3 ----- SIGW 42.9 -59.0 -84.7 360.0 17.9 21646.0 527.1 ----- SIGW 40.9 -57.1 -84.7 5.0 14.0 21951.0 539.3 ----- SIGT 40.7 -56.9 -84.7 5.0 13.9 21975.1 540.3 ----- SIGT 39.2 -58.3 -84.7 5.0 13.3 22212.2 542.6 ----- SIGT 33.8 -57.1 -84.7 5.0 10.8 23147.9 569.3 ----- SIGW 32.1 -58.9 -84.7 5.0 9.9 23475.0 573.0 ----- SIGT 31.7 -59.3 -84.7 352.4 7.7 23551.9 573.9 ----- SIGW 30.6 -58.6 -84.7 315.0 1.0 23780.0 581.7 ----- MAND 30.0 -58.3 -84.7 325.0 8.0 23898.1 585.7 ----- SIGW 27.8 -57.2 -84.7 325.0 5.8 24390.0 601.8 ----- SIGW 22.9 -54.6 -84.7 250.0 12.8 25609.0 643.4 ----- SIGW 21.9 -53.9 -84.7 280.0 15.9 25914.0 654.2 ----- SIGW 20.8 -53.3 -84.7 270.0 15.0 26219.0 665.2 ----- SIGT 20.3 -52.9 -84.7 311.4 15.6 26387.8 671.4 ----- MAND 20.0 -53.3 -84.7 335.0 15.9 26483.8 673.1 ----- SIGW 19.0 -51.6 -84.7 300.0 17.9 26829.0 688.7 ----- SIGW 18.1 -50.1 -84.7 320.0 14.0 27134.0 702.8 ----- SIGT 18.0 -49.9 -84.7 322.8 13.7 27167.8 704.4 ----- SIGW 17.3 -50.1 -84.7 345.0 11.8 27439.0 712.1 ----- SIGW 16.5 -50.4 -84.7 340.0 9.9 27743.0 720.8 ----- SIGW 15.7 -50.6 -84.7 260.0 9.9 28048.0 729.6 ----- SIGT 14.5 -51.1 -84.7 290.4 9.9 28578.4 745.3 ----- SIGW 14.3 -50.9 -84.7 295.0 9.9 28658.0 748.7 ----- SIGW 13.7 -50.0 -84.7 270.0 11.8 28963.0 761.7 ----- SIGW 13.1 -49.1 -84.7 285.0 19.8 29268.0 775.0 ----- SIGW 11.9 -47.2 -84.7 275.0 11.8 29878.0 802.3 ----- SIGW 11.4 -46.3 -84.7 295.0 12.8 30182.0 816.2 ----- SIGT 11.0 -45.7 -84.7 289.9 16.7 30397.7 826.2 ----- SIGT 10.6 -46.3 -84.3 284.1 21.0 30644.2 832.8 ----- MAND 10.0 -44.1 -84.1 275.0 28.0 31033.4 855.0 ----- SIGT 9.0 -42.1 -83.1 ----- ----- 31743.6 888.8 ----- SIGT 8.9 -42.1 -83.1 ----- ----- 31819.3 891.7 ----- SIGT 8.3 -43.9 -83.9 ----- ----- 32289.9 902.6 ----- SIGT 7.5 -39.5 -81.5 ----- ----- 32977.3 946.9 ----- SIGT 6.8 -40.3 -81.3 ----- ----- 33646.9 970.5 ----- SIGT 6.2 -38.9 -80.9 ----- ----- 34279.1 1002.5 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 19 Apr 2024110 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 5.1 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 285.2 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 300.5 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 5.9 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 914 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 4.8 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 914 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 14.9 C K Index (KI) = 14.7 Lifted Index (LI) = 13.2 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 99.5 Showalter Index (ShI) = 8.9 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 39.0 Precipitable Water (PW) = 16.7 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -230 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 304 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 7 J/kg Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 325 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 306 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done